Device for determining the required sight adjustment for indirect firing.



I o. SCHMITZ. DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE REQUIRED SIGHT ADJUSTMENT FOR INDIRECT FIRING.

` APPLICATION FILED OCT. I9. 19H. Y 1 1 7 l ,465 Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

2 SMEETS--SBEET 2.

DEVICE roRbETERMI-Nmo 'rnnrnnoiinni'svioei'n DJUSTMENTFOR I'Nntscr provenie-i`itsl iii l-) ei'ie`ci-.` for Determining the Firing, of which the following is a specifica- *kindya reading oil' device; isuprovided for a niark.` Such scales iire.incoiiveiiieiit to4 determining the sight adjustment, iii'hivhichf -t-hereading isaeeoniplished by observing'the` position ofa point in relation to iiriiiinibeiyl of curves, said point beingdetermi-ned by read and apt to cause mistakes.

In ythe Liieooinpan vinglfy drawingstwo einbodnnentsof the invention,have heen illustrated and Figure 1 shows a front vieiv ofa range finder on which the deiieegliasbeen `incorporated Fig. 2

line,3'-3' of Fig. 2. `seen vin 'the Vdirection of ari-ow af; Fig. 4 like-wise in larger scale, av

, section along linel 4-l of Fig. )l seen fi'oiii the left; Fig. 5 a section a'long line ."i--l'r'of` Fig. 3 seen fi-oiii the left.: Fig. shows ii Jdeenihodiinent of the invention;

Proceeding now to (jleseribe the,first. '-e-iiif" bodnneiit oflthe invention, andre -ijring` firstto Figs. and 4, A represents an inner c'ylindiical case of a` rangendei' which casef is lirnily connectediiitli an `oiiter housing,

parts A* and a eentrnlevilinder .cY-ieonnectfing, the tivo ends. This cylinder 'AF rests in tivo ball bearings b2 connectedV bya casing 1 b1, seated on a foundation plate B', which isv carried b v the stand C. The raiigefinder iiniy be revolved laround the longitudinalY axis of its iiinei-l cylindrical e'ase A'by meansof aworm D mounted in the casing 111 and having` a hand wheelxcll, said wor'm meshing with the teeth a. of theeyli'nder {XQzThe rangefiiider isy provided with Iaifriobje'ctiveai 'I axis of the housing A' A* n a `plan view ofFigL 1;- Fig. 3' is a section in largerseale, along.:

i p at-jeacliiendQxand intlieniiddle lwith an`ociille' it known that'l, (loro Sonxii'rz, a 'subject of the.' Emperor of (ieriii'aiiy, and xi 'residentI of Isseibontheluhr,v Gferiiiany,"` 'have' invented `certain new and .useful '.lml'.

Shui-"2 through lwhich both images from the objec'tivesiniiiy be Aseen simultaneously 4 in the iisiialjnianner.- l The opticalgaxesoftlie obslit b inthe casing L1, the length/of this jectives being purallelto each other. rnii 1 i Albright angles to the.vi-evolvingjaxisof tlie. housing A'l AHA2 of. theV ra'ngender; and

" slit cor'res'iondng tothe revolving 'angleof the 'range casing bfwind oovering'the slit 123.1 A box of the casing' 11",a'n'd the'fa'ir bubble thereof f-ivill center itself when acertainlongitudinal plane of'tlie 'casing b tlir'on'qhthefievolving l lof the rangefinder lies horizontal. 'l`hen,'\vl ien the air nder. The "ocular yalso penetrates' .ya ring. b", mounted to revolve ni'oiind ltlie bnbble of the box level bi' has been 'centeredand the. i'iiiigefnder has been diret-.teflon the.

target by means ofthe turning of the .worin D; the angle between the optical axes ofthe objectives fa andI the said .plane'ivill be identical 'with the fieldv or angle of sight.` l Tivo sleeves E and l?, are rotatably.inoiinted on the cylindrical inner case A of 'the' :ingle of lthe `target i'inge'nder, pijoizidediwith bevel gear'teeth i e1-and f respectively. A' bevel wlieelG-in E is-iii'jconneetion with certain optical parts* "('iiot 'slioi'vn) '.sitiiited yinside the ease A of 'the;rangefinde'ig:iiliieh optical parts may, 'inftlie usual j m'ani'iei heydisplaced by means fiiiiiigesfronithe objectivesawill be visible 1 'in' the [saine place in theocula r a". The moiint 'displacement' 'offthe saidfoptial parts constitutesns is known, anneasiireof the dis-V t'ancefofA thobserved object. -Arid conseqneiitly,.the amount of displacement between distance. c

A carrier fraiiie .-a", see partciilarly'Fig.

5, rigidly connected with the central cylinder A2 and reaching inward through a slot therein, constitutes a bearing kfor two shafts H and J, one situated above the other, and whose revolving axes are parallel to the revolving axis of the sleeveF.' Each of the shafts has rigidly attached thereto a toothed wheel /i and i* respectively. The wheel L is in mesh with aspur wheel i* rigidly mounted on the shaft J, whereas the wheel z lis in mesh with a s ur'wheel k1, made in one piece with the ho low shaft K, which is'loosel mounted and made to turn on the shaft'l-i A sliding piece M, mounted on the shafts J and K and axially displaceable thereon, hasa to'e m1 engaging a ielical Groove f2 of steep, uniform pitch, cut in the sleeve F. Bytiirning the sleeve F, the sliding piece M will consequently l but without turning thereon.

travel along the shafts K and J. A'n arm N is mounted to slide axially on the .s haft K This arm is provided with a pointer ln which bears minst the curved surface b of the curved plate b which is rigidly connected with the easing b. The arm N is mounted between the prongs of that part of the sliding piece M, which surrounds. the hollow shaft K, so that the arni'must follow ever movement. ofsad sliding piece while sai armlias a slightly rocking' movement together with the hollow shaft K around' the axis of the shaft H dependent on the shape of the curved surface b. A -sleeve P, having a' toothed sector p* in mesh with a spur wheel h rigidly fixed onthe shaft H is mounted to turn on the sleeve F and coaxially therewith. This sleeve P is actuated by a helical spring Q lwhich tends to turn the -sleeve around the axis of the shaft H in a direction relative to the housing A A1 A of the range-finder so that the pointerV nl will be pressed against the curved surface b through the coperation of tlielgears and shafts K /c z" i2 i Hi.2 711. The sleeve P has furthermore a pinion R mounted to turn thereon and in .mesh both iviththegxternal volve relative -to'thecylnder Al and around the same axis.f"'The drum T has on its outer surface'an'ingilar.scale lif2 'of uniformdivision',findica'ting the'firing angle'to `which thelgun'vsiglit has to, be lset for the range and for4 the niagnitudejof the field uangle which' 'have y been defined bythe"adjustment If the angular pos-'tion of the arni N changes ofitheiraiige'finder.-The scale t* is visible .,ialge of which-is scribed a niark which the raiigefinder `is adjusted byY means f .of the hand wheel y* corresponds toal 'c ei'- tain angular position of the. sleeve F. "From this Aitolloivs also that every range corresponds to a certain axial displacement of the s i.

de piece. M as--well as of the arm N. The rat-ius havebeen so chosen that the arm N `stands `at its extreme right uosition, Fig. 3, with the rangefinder set or zero range;

and at its extreme left position, in the saine j pointer 'n.1 corresponding to the intermediate ranges of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 meters are marked respectively 1,

2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.` i

In order to'better illustrate .the shape` of the curved surface b, the curves marked 1;* have been indicated in Figs. 3," 6 and 7, wherein .the plane, in which the Vpointer n* moves on tiiriing the arm N about the axis of the shaft H, intersects the curved surface 11 when displacing axially the arm N to correspond with the above mentioned interniedia-te ranges. n For the sake of clearf ness, only the curves b corresponding to the ranges ,7000 and 1000 meters'liavebeen drawn in Fig. 7. Besides these curves Bi. transverse curves b" have beenF indicated iii Figs. 6 and 7 where the curved surface `rb is intersected bv a number of planes of the ning through the axis of the cylinder Neither curves b nor 71" 'are in practice scribed on tlie curved surface b. Before. going' more into detail of Vthe shape of the curved surface b.' it will be best to describe the 4relation existing between the .revolving angle of the vdrum T andthe revolving angles of the sleeve F-and the arin N.

ft has already been pointed out that there is a directositi've connection between tlu` drum T an `the arm N,' with' the sleeve l-` iitfrest, through the gearing K k' 1 ifh ll hgp P -R f t'. "-Tlie ratio-of .this gearing lias'been chosen so that a certain revolving angle of thearm N will correspond to the possibly greatest revolving angle of the `drinn T.- Furtl'icrniore there exists a posi# tiveconnection between the sleeve l" and the drum T through the gearing f R it with unchanged angular position of the arm N.

' 'simultaneously with that of the sleeve F, the 'revolving angle of the drum 'l will be equal the other hand.

irse

-..www M...

4' If n denotes the yrevolvin angle ofthe' arm N; f. the revolving ang e of the sleeve i F- t, the revolvin angle of the drum T ob'- tained with the -s eeve F .standing still;- t,

5 the revolving angle Vof the drum Obtained'. with unchanged angularposition of the arm` -N; t'the actual revolving angle Voi the drum l "positiomiive will. have for the drum T a relo* H 7i p"P Rj"a t and i? the ratio' of the 1 that the pointer n is situated at the right' hand e'nd of the curved siii-face b1, and that H l.

- the optical axis o the objectives a* make an angle of 0 with t ie longitudinal plane of the casing b, which plane has beenbrought into .-a. horizontal position by the centering of the v nii-bubble of the'level bf'. 'The angular posi- Ations in which the sleeve F,.the arm 'N and the drinn T, now are'situatedbvthis adj ustment of the rangeinder will be known as the zero position; from which the revolving ai'igles f,- n aiidt are to be measured. The

-i' with the. above mentioned adjustment of theV 40 'rangefindeiz The direction of revolution of "the drinn' '1" by which the mark a indicates an ever. increasingfiring angle will be conasideicd as positive.

' To determine the curvature of the'surface 4.5-11' it is.'sufficientto4 determinqthe shape of. the curves L", thev axial'position -ofwhich has already been explained above. Each `of tliese--ci'irve-s' corresponds; to a. certain i range y .and Aindicates the path along which, the .1 59 'pointer nl' of the 'arm N travels, when the i -rangigefinderl isfbein adjusted to, different '.'field angles with a xed'adjustr'nent of' the i 21...' V range concerned. As'an examplegthe shape ofthat particular curve. b willbe explained,

which eorrespondsto the' 7000 meter range,y vsind the lpoint onjselid cur'e correslonfllrlg `t0 the o field ang@ be L mme e 'the'angle it2 amounts as before to`210.

' pointer n1 of the arm:N has traveled in the axialdirec'tio'n from 0 to 7, Figi, when fbeing adjusted to 7000 meters. supposing 'jthatthe 'greatest displacement, 0 to 8 correspendsv to a re'volving angle of the sleeve F `having a value of `360 and that thei'ratio between the lines l0 to 7 and lO to 8 has. 85 value of 0.95, it will follow that the revolving l ing now the rangeinder to be set at zero f range -of 7000 meters will have a value of Supposing further, that the ratio j offthe gears f1 R t1 has a value of 0.615 and that the larmN ,has retained its initial angular n"tableniay now be foundv anale of 0-at a range of 7000 meters, and it t wil thereupon'be easy to complete. what angle' t'the drum T actually has to be revolved Ato permit the mark n* to show this firing an le o'n the scale t. With tie supposition, that this angleis' i=2-28 then is l I t,=-,r- *228.-210= +18 Wlicn tlie ratio of the gearing -K cli i i p I R fr# has been assumed tobe I fir-15.8- i I l .the .valuepf the revolving angle of the arm will bei' l imi-5L o Y Tlielpoint of tlie particularcurve b that 'corresponds to the field angle 0 has then been determined. This" is namely the -point which is indicated by the pointerI 1i of the "arm vN' when this/arm hasbcen turned 3.1

in the positive direction from the zero position. represented by the liners-v, Fig. 7, with thecylinde'r A2 in the angular position that corresponds, to the fieldangle 0 repre'- sen'ted byline u-u.

` lrce'eiling-- now to ldetermine l'another pointon the curve' b". Athat corresponds to -tlieff7000 meter range`,lfor instance a point th'atfrepresentsa. field angle of 50; the firing 'angle `has then first to be foundin the firingtables at.' which thetar et will be liit ata rangejof 7000 meters wit 1 a field angle of `50.. f -And jfrom this 'ma y then easily be computed the anglet which tliedriim T has .to ,be turned out of'its zero position in order -to haveV the mark a5 show the correct `firing vanglefon th'scale t. Assuming this to be Therefore is l To find'the desired point, thecvliiider A2 as.l

has consequently to be turned 50 into the angulariposition represented by line idf-u?, while the'v zero position of arm N -is repre? sented by line iik-'111, whereupon the 'arm N has to be revolved an-angle of 1.7 in the negative direction away from its present zero line. 'v1-o1.` .The desired point is namely the one indicated by the pointer n angles, the sha field, angle' of 50, `the following `of thearm'N, If` the described procedure' is repeated. 4for a number of lother field l ofthe curve b' representj ing a ran e o `7000 meters ma -be deter-fnnned wit i suicient accurac n a similar manner, the curves L' 'for al oth'erfranges ma also be determined, and the problem of fin ing the 'curvature of the whole surfaceb.' has been slved.. f

' Ifall the points, denoting'ra eld angle .of 09 on'the'curved surface, were connected, aV curve b, indicated by adot and dash line and representing. the-path along which the pointer n* of thearm N travels willbe ob# tained when the rangefinder is beingad 'usted for different rangesbytiirning the and wheel gat the saine time keeping the field angle constantly at 0. In or er toascertain by means of the described device the firing angle inwhich the 'gun is to bellaid for firing against va target,

situated, for instance, at al rangeof 7,000 meters and on a heightcorresponding to a" v l operations have to bemade: The foundation late B,-

optical axes of t ieobjective a* are then situated in a horizontal planer The optical axis of one of the objectives at is thereupon" directed against the target by means of turn-l ing the foundation plate Bl around al vertical axis, thereby giving the housing A! A' fthe necessary transverse direction, and by there- .upon swinging A'it around its longitudinalaxis by turning the hand'wheel d1, until the' optical axisis dircted'on thetar'g'et, wherebytwo images of the tai etwill be visible in.

.th'e sightingfield of tie ocular` (19.3 The housing Al A' hasnow an angular osition corresponding to the 'field angle (505 of the j target. The smallliand wheel gr has thereupon to be'turned until the two ima s of A the tar et showinfthe sameposition 1n the' fieldo the ocular a. Thesleeve F` willb thereupon obtain a `positioncorresponding e to the range (7 000 meters); The'inark a.

will then show on the scale t? of the drinn #,jjtheobservation scale, corresponding -to the 1,20 theifiring angle to be given to the un cor-` i" responding to the range and the fie d angle of the target.

with thel external teeth on the sleeve P.. As a consequence the turning of the sleeve F, while the arm-N l(and with it the sleeve P) has s constant angular position, cannot cause the drum T to rotate, as was the case 770, in the lfirst embodiment. The revolving angle of the drum T is rather in' this case dependent on the revolving an le of -the arm N. As the revolving angleof t ie arm N has always to be madecomparativelysmall, for the urpose of avoidin the occurrence of the c iec ing of its trav o'n the curved surface bf; and as 'furthermore an enlar nient of the revolvin anglecan'only- ,-made within a. limite 'degree ,through'the 80 gearin `that transmits the turning ofthe arm to the drum T; the ievolving angle ofthe ydrum T will therefore be smaller in i the second embodiment of the invention than in the first; under otherwise similarfs conditions, and the divisions on the scale t? .will consequently also be less distinct. For

this reason the first embodiment ywill have the preference, as' therein the drum T by the turning of the sleeve F alone can be given o cosiderableturning and the tui'hing of the erm N is only used to correct -the revolving an le of the drum T.' claiin:'- y

'1. An instrument for determining the .095

object, an indicator which gives the readingfor the required setting--of`tlie gun sight, comprising an index on vone of the setting members and a member coi'iperating therewith carrying a vscale,'geaiiiig inten'4 posed between the setting members and the scale, and means actuated by themotion 105 of .'the setting members and connected;to thegearing to make allowance for the firing angle.` e. I

2.In (a. Adevice for= determining tlie're-` quired funsight adjustment,'tlie combina- 110 tionl wiiamounting an adjustable me'm. -ber for!) elevation,V` a` l'drinn and fa second adjustable member for range of an observ a tion scale comprisinga graduation on said drum andgan' indexyon said first; ad astable 115 member; ,connections between said first adjustable memberand said drum adapted to vdisplace-tlmY drum relativeto said firstfadjustable memberpan amount recorded on,`

field angle adjustment of said first member-- with regard to-the target, and means for displacing'the drum relative to said second adjustable member an amountgalso recorded ,on the observation scale corresponding to 125 thev firing .1,171,465 l i l a drum and a secona adjustable member;

of an observation scale comprising a graduation on said drum and an index on said first adjustable member; connections between said first ad'ustabl'e member and said drum adapted to displace the drum relative to said first adjustable member, an amount recorded on said observation scale, corresponding :to the lfield angle adjustment of said first member with regard to the target; connections between said second adjustable member and said drinn, adapted to displace the drinn relative to said second adjustable memberan amount recorded on the observation scale, corresponding to the firing angle for the range at the said field angle adjust- 4. In a devicefoi" determining the required gun sight adjustment, the combination with a mounting, a housing, a drum and a sleeve, of an observation scale conipr'rsing a graduation von said drumand an index on said housing, a set of gears between said housing, and said drinn adapted n l n i n l to displace the ili'uin relative to sind housing und indela'udent of said sleeve, an amount recorded on the observation scale corresponding to the field angle adjustment of said housingr with regari to the target; a.

portion of said set of gears between said' sleeve and said driiiu, adapted to displace the gun relative to the sleevc'and independent of said housing an amount recorded on the observation scale corresponding to the firing angle for the range at said field angle adjustment.

In a device for determining the-'required gun sight adjustment the combination with a mounting, a housing adapted to rotate in said mounting, a drum revoliible iu said housing and a revoluble sleeve mounted co-axially with said drum and said housin an observation scale comprising a grin nation on said drum and anindex on said housing; external gear teeth on said sleeve; internal gear teeth in said drinn; a pinion in mesh with both said external andinternal gears, said pinion revolubly mounted in a casing surrounding said vsleeve and adapted to rotate thereon; a spring between said housing and said pointer tending to turn the casing iii one direction; a cain plate yattached to said mounting; a. pointer actuated by said' cam plate' Aand mounted to oseillate in said housing in cooperation with gear .wheels hetweeii` said pointer and said casingconstructed to inf 'crease the revolving angle ofsaid drum relative to the revolvingangle of said pointer; a helical-groove in said sleeve;a sliding piece guided 'in said housing and adapted to-liave axial displacement, saidy sliding piece engaging said groove and said pointer operate by said sliding piece.'

6. In a device for determining the required 'gun sight adjustment, theft-einbination with u` mounting, a housing, 'a drinn esl and a sleeve; of an observation scale coml I prising u graduation on said drinn and an `index on said. housing, said observation scalo adapted to` record only the angular displacement of said housing when adjusted tothe field angle of the target alone, and to record the angular displacement of said sleeve when .adjusted for` the1 firing angle of the range at said fieldanvle, whereby said scale will record the resultant reading of both said adjustments,when said housing and said sleeve are vsimultaneously adjusted, or one directly .after t lio other.4

The foregoing specification signedt'iit Barmen, (xermany, this 3rd day of October,

OTTO SCHMITZ. [es] In presence of- ,L.- .N Uren, i

A.. Nunca. 

